Learn the differences between 2-wire and 4-wire transmitters—wiring, power supply, loop resistance, isolation, hazardous area applications, and selection criteria for industrial projects.
Learn how to specify the right measurement range and turndown ratio for industrial instruments. A practical guide covering range definition, turndown calculation, accuracy trade-offs, and selection best practices.
Learn the difference between accuracy, repeatability, and resolution in industrial instrumentation. A practical guide for engineers and EPCs on understanding and selecting instruments.
Learn the engineering considerations for customized instrumentation solutions. A practical guide covering when customization is needed, the engineering process, risk management, and common scenarios.
Learn about marine instrumentation cable requirements for offshore and shipboard systems. A practical guide covering IEC 60092-376, NEK 606, IEEE 1580, construction requirements, and classification society approvals.
Learn how to select sensors and cables for cryogenic systems. A practical guide covering RTD and thermocouple selection, cable materials (PI, FEP, XLPE), and installation best practices for LNG and other cryogenic applications.
Learn about high-temperature measurement challenges in industrial processes—sensor drift, contact and non-contact errors, and solutions including advanced thermocouples, phosphor thermometry, and fibre optic sensors.
Learn how to select temperature sensors for boiler and furnace applications. A practical guide covering thermocouple types, RTDs, thermowell design, tube skin measurement, and installation best practices.
Learn about instrumentation requirements for water and wastewater treatment plants—flow, level, pressure, temperature, and analytical measurement. A practical guide for engineers and EPCs.
Learn about instrumentation solutions for steel manufacturing plants—temperature, pressure, level, flow, and analytical measurement across the steel production value chain from blast furnace to rolling mill.
